Unfortunately when installing Office 2010 not everything goes smoothly.
The Temp folder will open…right-click an empty area in the folder and select Properties.
snag the Security tab and under the Group or user names box choose Edit.
The Permissions for Temp window appears…nudge the Add button.
In this instance OneNote was installed successfully without any errors.
For more information on this error check out thefollowing page from Microsoft.
These support instructions are for Office 2007 but it worked for our 2010 install as well.