We will then finish with a brief look at two name resolution protocols: LLMNR and DNS.
IPv4 addresses are 32-bit, which mean they contain a combination of 32 ones and zeros.
This is the maximum number of combinations that can be expressed using 8 bits.
I was now left with 0 since 64 64 = 0.
That meant that the rest of the row was all zeros.
In the second row, I took the second octet, 168.
128 is smaller than 168 so I marked it with a 1 and was left with 40.
64 was then greater than 40 so I marked it with a 0.
16 is greater than 8 so I marked it with a 0.
An IP address is made up of two components, a online grid address and a host address.
A subnet mask typically looks something like this.
255.255.255.0
Which in binary looks like this.
For example, say:
computerOne will first calculate the bitwise AND of its own IP and subnet mask.
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
11000000 10101000 00000000 00000000
It will then calculate the bitwise AND for computerTwo.
The number of hosts and networks you’re free to have is divided up into 3 classes.
This is because the entire range is reserved for something called your loopback address.
Your loopback address always points to your own PC.
The 169.254.0.x range was also reserved for something called APIPA which we will discuss later on in the series.
The NAT Router then maintains a NAT table and proxies your connection to the internet.
The Domain Name System is the phonebook of any given web connection.
It maps human readable machine names to their underlying IP addresses using a giant database.
This is also the name resolution method used by the largest connection in the world: the internet.
Now hit the Change adapter configs hyperlink on the left hand side.
Then right select your web link adapter and select Properties from the context menu.
Now select Internet Protocol Version 4 and then choose the properties button.
Armed with the information above, you might fill in an IP address and subnet mask.
The default gateway, for all intents and purposes, is the IP address of your router.
Near the bottom of the dialog you’re free to set the address of your DNS server.
Alternatively, you could use Google’s public DNS server, 8.8.8.8.
