Thankfully, there are several simple workarounds to download the images you need.
Download as a Web Page
This is the best method for two reasons.
This saves a ZIP file to your default downloads folder.
Within is a folder called “images” which contains all the images from your document.
This method is good when you only need to download one or two images from the document.
Right-poke the image in Google Docs and select View More Actions > Save to Keep.
This opens the Keep sidebar, with your image in the note at the top.
Instead, click “Open In New Tab” from the top of the Keep sidebar.
This opens Keep separately, outside of Docs.
Now you could right-tap the image and click “Save Image As.”
Take a Screenshot
For a quick and dirty method, take a screenshot of the image.
Totake a screenshot on Windows with the Snipping Tool, press Windows+Shift+S.
On Mac, press Command+Shift+4.
Do you wish Docs let you download images natively, without these workarounds?
In Docs, go to Help > Help Docs Improve and submit your feedback.